Analysis of Optimal Charging Points Location and Storage Capacity for Hybrid and Electric Buses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/perspectivas.vol1iss2.pp23-30.2019Keywords:
Electric bus, Hybrid bus, TCO optimization, Charging infrastructure, Energy storage systemAbstract
Aiming to be more attractive in a very competitive market, hybrid and electric buses need to reduce their acquisition and operation cost (TCO – Total Cost of Ownership) compared to conventional buses. In this regard, the sizing of the onboard energy storage system and the charging infrastructure becomes a key design stage. Optimal sizing of these factors is necessary to provide adequate autonomy and service, despite the impact on high investment costs for the manufacturer and fleet operator. Furthermore, the complex interrelationship between these parameters makes the best-performed system design a challenging process. To face this issue, this paper proposes an optimization methodology for the onboard storage capacity of a power system and location as well as charging stations power to reduce TCO (total cost of ownership) in hybrid and fully electric bus routes. For this purpose, several routes have been selected as a case study in Donostia city (Spain) where the proposed methodology has been assessed techno-economically regarding cost factors such as storage systems, charging infrastructure, fuel, and the electricity grid.
Métricas
References
International Energy Agency (IEA), CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2017. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2017.
Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Electric Buses in Cities: Driving Towards Cleaner Air and Lower CO2 Electric Buses in Cities, 2018.
A. Lajunen, “Lifecycle costs and charging requirements of electric buses with different charging methods,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, pp. 56–67, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.066
L. Nurhadi, S. Borén, and H. Ny, “A sensitivity analysis of total cost of ownership for electric public bus transport systems in swedish medium sized cities,” Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 3, pp. 818–827, July 2014. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.10.058
V. I. Herrera, A. Milo, H. Gaztanaga, J. Ramos, and H. Camblong, “Adaptive and Non-Adaptive Strategies for Optimal Energy Management and Sizing of a Dual Storage System in a Hybrid Electric Bus,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 1–13, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8520750/
S. Rothgang, M. Rogge, J. Becker, and D. Sauer, “Battery Design for Successful Electrification in Public Transport,” Energies, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 6715–6737, jun 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/7/6715
M. Mahmoud, R. Garnett, M. Ferguson, and P. Kanaroglou, “Electric buses: A review of alternative powertrains,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 62, no. April 2018, pp. 673–684, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032116301290
M. Xylia, S. Leduc, P. Patrizio, F. Kraxner, and S. Silveira, “Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 78, pp. 183–200, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2017.03.005
Y. Wang, Y. Huang, J. Xu, and N. Barclay, “Optimal recharging scheduling for urban electric buses: A case study in Davis,” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, vol. 100, pp. 115–132, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2017.01.001
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Josu Olmos, Jon Ander López Ibarra, Haizea Gaztañaga, Victor Isaac Herrera Perez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright
The authors of the manuscripts will retain their copyright on their articles published in Pespectivas Journal. These rights allow the authors to present their manuscripts in public, prepare derivative works, reproduce them physically by printing and distribute them on their social or research networks. These rights will remain unchanged as long as the authors respect the publication and free access policy of Perspectivas Journal.
Publication Rights
Perspectivas Journal reserves all first publication rights on each of the articles that the authors have sent to its review and publication process. It implies that authors will only exercise their copyright if they state the source and origin of the publication correctly, mainly when they distribute, share, present, or use their articles' total or partial content.
